Health Service

General Description of Makassar

admin — Sun, 28 Feb 2010 13:19:04 +0000

Makassar city as the capital of South Sulawesi Province is also the gateway and trading center of Eastern Indonesia. Makassar City is geographically located in the Western Coastal southern part of South Sulawesi, at coordinates 119, 18 ‘, 27′, 97 ‘east longitude and 5′, 8 ‘, 6′, 19 ’south latitude.
Makassar Administratively have territorial boundaries that is adjacent to South Gowa, bordering the North side Pangkajene Islands District, bordering the East side Maros regency and West side is bordered by the Strait of Makassar. Topography is generally in the form of the coastal region. Location of Makassar altitude ranges from 0.5 to 10 meters from the sea surface.
Makassar city has an area of 175.77 km2, which is divided into 14 districts and 143 villages. In addition to land area, Makassar also has the islands that can be seen along the coast of Makassar. The islands in the region is part of the two sub district and district Ujung Pandang Ujung Tanah. These islands is a group of coral islands as much as 12 islands, part of a group of islands Sangkarang, also called islands Pabbiring or better known as Spermonde Islands. The islands are Lanjukang Island (furthest), slender island, Lumu-lumu Island, Bone Island impertinent, Kodingareng Island, the island Barrang Lompo, Barrang Caddi Island, the island Kodingareng Keke, Samalona Island, Lae-Lae Island, Gusung Island, and Island Kayangan (nearest).

Physiological Changes Caused by Pregnancy.

admin — Fri, 19 Feb 2010 02:06:27 +0000

Amenorhea
When a woman during pregnancy can, if already married to complain missed a period, then consider that she was pregnant, although the state of stress, medications, chronic diseases can also cause delayed menstruation

Nausea and Vomiting
Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms ranging from discomfort to prolonged vomiting. In medicine is often called the morning because of the emergence often sicknes morning.
Mastodinia
Mastodinia is feeling tight and sore breasts caused by enlarged breasts. Vaskularisasi increases, acini and ducts proliferate because of the influence of estrogen and progesterone.
Quickening
Quickening is the first perception of fetal movement, usually realized by the women at 18-20 weeks of pregnancy.

Complaints urine
Increased urinary frequency and frequent night urination, caused by the pressure of enlarged uterus and pull the uterus into the cranial.
Constipation
This occurs because the relaxation effect of progesterone or may be due to changes in eating patterns.
Weight Changes
At 2-3 months of pregnancy often weight loss, due to decreased appetite and vomiting. In the next month the weight will always rise to a stable near term.
Basal Temperature Changes
Basal temperature rise more than 3 weeks is usually a sign of pregnancy has been.
Skin Color Changes
These changes include the chloasma skin color blackish on the forehead, back of the nose and cheek bone area of skin, especially in women with dark skin color. Usually appears after 16 weeks of pregnancy. In the areola and nipple area of breast, skin color became more hitam.perubahan these changes caused by the stimulation of MSH (melanocyte Stimulating Hormone).

Breast Changes
As a result of stimulation of prolactin and HPL, the breasts secrete kolustrom, usually after a pregnancy of more than 16 weeks.
Changes in Uterus
Uterine changes in the size, shape and consistency. Uterus became soft, globular shape. Balotement palpable, this sign appeared in week 20 after ke16-experienced obliteration of uterine cavity and amniotic fluid enough.
Signs Piskacek’s
The asymmetric growth in the uterus near the placental implantation

It was a baby in the content of the compound Suffering Serious Defects

admin — Fri, 22 Jan 2010 17:12:22 +0000

Advanced medical technology that is used since the early 70’s has been able to detect abnormalities or defects in the fetus since the fetus is still very young. Some technologies are:

Amniocentesis
This is the way that now the most widely used to detect defects in the fetus in the womb. Examination carried out on fetal cells are released in the amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluid itself is taken with suction needle is inserted into the uterus with instruments guided by ultrasound. Of the fetal cells are present in amniotic fluid was examined chromosomes (karyotype) and levels of fetal protein called alpha-Feto-protein (AFP).
Chromosomal abnormalities may be an indication for the existence of inherited disorders such as Turner’s Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome, and Down’s Syndrome. Turner’s Syndrome terjad more in girls, while the Fragile X Syndrome can cause defects in the form of mental retardation in boys. Meanwhile, elevated levels of AFP may be an indication of a defect in the fetus, but can not show the shape and nature of these defects.
Amniocentesis was performed at gestational age 15 to 20 weeks. Most linked to sixteenth week. The results of this investigation became known only approximately 3-4 weeks later. But the action itself amniocentesis boost the risk of miscarriage sebasar 1%,

Placenta biopsy
Technique is done by taking a sample of placental tissue using a needle biopsy, ultrasound guided. Placental tissue taken chromosomes were then examined and tested for several types of hereditary disease in a way similar to tissue taken through amniocentesis. Placental biopsy is usually performed on the eighth to tenth week of gestation. Chromosome examination results are usually known only 2-3 weeks later.
Ultrasound
Tools Ultrasound can also be used to see if there are defects in the fetus in the womb, especially defects that occur in the brain, spine, heart, kidneys, and the hands or feet. The surplus is the result can be known immediately. This technique is usually used as an aid to the examination techniques amniocentesis or placental biopsy. That is, if the amniocentesis or placental biopsy is an indication of a birth defect, performed an ultrasound examination to determine visually where and how severe the disability.

Alpha-fetoprotein levels of serum (S-AFP)
Which examined the levels of AFP in the fetal maternal blood. Levels are influenced by the levels of AFP in amniotic fluid. If the S-AFP levels in maternal blood increases, or if lower than it should, there are indications that the fetus has congenital defects. To confirm performed amniocentesis and ultrasound examination. Marked increased levels of congenital abnormalities in the organs of the body mentioned above, whereas if too low, indicating that the fetus menglami disorder called Down’s Syndrome. Multiple abnormalities in the form of brain growth is not perfect, eyes like the Mongols, and accompanied also by some other physical disorders. S-AFP examination is usually done at 14-16 weeks of gestation.

Examination elements carried fetal cells in maternal blood
This technique only recently developed. Elements separated fetal cells and participate in the mother’s blood supply is so small only. But with the discovery of a more sensitive technique, elements of these fetal cells can now be detected and also detected no abnormalities kalalu luggage.

Genetic screening (DNA) or DNA Screening
It is also a new technique to detect abnormalities or hereditary disease. It also can reveal whether a fetus that would later get the disease or just be a carrier without his own seed will be affected. Disease that can be detected through this method is among others thalassemia. In some countries in the middle of the sea, this technique is used and in Sardinia, for example, there are provisions allowing the fetus to parents penguguran if they do not want their children will suffer from thalassemia.

Not all parents able and willing to accept the fact that the fetus in the womb suffer from congenital defects, especially when it is known that the defect is severe. Anxiety and disappointment that occurs can make pregnancy does not want to continue. In Danish, approximately 1.79% of all detected fetal ended by abortion at the request of his parents after they learned that the fetus in the womb suffer from congenital defects (The Danish Council of Ethics, Third Year Report: Fetal Diagnosis and Ethics, 1991)

Watchful Against Cervical Cancer Age 35-55 Years

USE OF SPATIAL ANALYSIS IN HEALTH RESEARCH

admin — Fri, 15 Jan 2010 08:59:32 +0000

Spatial analysis performed on objects that have geometric properties (especially physical objects such as roads, rivers, over-limit of the island, lakes, administrative, etc.). In the Geometric Information System objects must bereferensi geographically. Therefore, these objects should use the coordinates of the earth and not the local coordinates.
Spatial data analysis system is one synonym based on the system of Geographic Information System (GIS).
Basically, the term geographic information system is a combination of 3 main elements namely: system, information, geographic. By looking at the basic elements, then obviously one merupkan GIS system that emphasizes the element of “Geographic Information”. The use of the word implies a geographical problem of the earth: the surface two or three dimensions. The term “Geographic Information” contains the notion of information about information (attributes) that are in the earth’s surface whose position is given or known.

Health conditions in different regions varies, influenced by the level of regional development and environmental quality. Differences between regions in terms of socio-economic development, population, environmental and cultural pollution would cause health problems of different communities. Therefore, research on spatial analysis of environmental pollution problems and health so the results can be used by decision makers in the formulation of health policies and programs

In this journal, the pollution in question is the amount of phosphorus pollutants, nitrogen, suspended solid (SS) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). Location of the research areas in this journal is Ripleside that is pinngiran the city of Geelong, the second largest city in the state of Victoria, Australia. The extent of 760 Ha.
Pollutants-pollutants is influenced by various factors. in this journal, the factors that raised the example of urban land use for residential, commercial, industrial, or open land. This is closely related to the geographical conditions that spatial analysis or modeling a very precise method.
This is also in line with the allocation of spatial analysis as mentioned above is that of spatial analysis carried out on objects that have geometric properties. The use of land as referred to in this journal is one of the objects that have geometric properties. Moreover, that this land-use objects are objects that have differences between one region to another. The fact also affects rainfall in the concentration of pollutants in the waste. However, this component was not due dipertimbangakan all locations which is the object has the same rainfall, but to minimize data inaccuracies or as a way out of this rainfall component is monitoring the sample.

Research. What Factors Associated With Exclusive Breastfeeding

admin — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 13:04:12 +0000

Research. What Factors Associated With Exclusive Breastfeeding Working Area Community Health Center in District Batua Manggala Kota Makassar Year 2009
Breastfeeding as the best food for physical, mental and intellectual infants have well known. The benefits will greatly increase breast milk when breast-fed infants have only Salama first 6 months of life, therefore every mother expected to give their babies breast milk exclusively until 6 (six) months and may continue until the child is 2 (two) years. Based on data from Makassar City Health Office in 2008, the number of mothers who gave Exclusive Breast much as 69.7%. Batua health center data for 2008 showed that giving an Exclusive Breast of 992 people (79.1%).
The purpose of this study was to determine factors – factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in the working area Batua Health Center in 2009. This kind of research is the study of analytic survey with Cross Sectional approach. The sample is a mother who has children aged 6 months to 24 months of age who resides in the working area of Makassar Batua health center, as many as 60 people.
The results showed that mothers who did not give their babies breast milk exclusively on as many as 17 people or 28.3% and the mother who gave exclusive breast milk of 43 people or 71.7%. The results of the analysis found that there was a significant association anatara knowledge and attitude of mothers with exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore expected to counseling about exclusive breastfeeding still needed to be improved to all communities.
Variations attitudes and knowledge you give a different contribution in exclusive breastfeeding in infants in the working area Batua health center, the city of Makassar in 2009.
Efforts are required to improve the knowledge and attitudes you through health education about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding, especially the extension done on the mother whose knowledge is less. Need to do research on various other factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding in the working area Batua health center